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    Fundamentals

    Mortgage guide: how to get a home loan.

    A mortgage is a loan secured by real estate. This guide walks through the main types, the qualification steps, and how to compare offers without the usual noise.

    What is a mortgage?

    A mortgage lets you buy or refinance a home without paying the full price upfront. You borrow from a lender, repay over 15–30 years, and the home serves as collateral. If you stop paying, the lender can foreclose.

    Main mortgage types

    Conventional

    Not government-backed. Typically needs a 620+ credit score and 3–20% down.

    FHA

    Backed by the Federal Housing Administration. More flexible credit and down payments as low as 3.5%.

    VA

    For eligible veterans and service members. Often zero down and no monthly mortgage insurance.

    USDA

    For qualified rural and suburban buyers; can offer zero down in eligible areas.

    Want the full breakdown? Read our guides to conventional, FHA, and VA loans.

    The mortgage process

    1. 1Check your credit and save for a down payment plus closing costs.
    2. 2Get pre-qualified or pre-approved so you know your budget.
    3. 3Shop for a home within your price range.
    4. 4Apply for the loan and submit income, asset, and property documents.
    5. 5The lender appraises the home and finalizes underwriting.
    6. 6Close on the loan and receive the keys or new loan terms.

    Run the numbers

    Before you apply, estimate what your monthly payment could look like. Our calculator lets you test purchase price, down payment, rate, and term.

    Open calculator

    Skip the form. Start the conversation.

    Ark Beacon gathers what lenders need in a 60-second chat and matches you with lending partners in our network.

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